A recent scientific discovery demolishes the Central Dogma of Biology
We were taught in school and Undergraduate education that the expression of DNA travels unidirectionally, via the mRNA, toward the final destination of a protein. Well, RNA can often become DNA again.
In 2021, during the heat of the pandemic and the rush of the COVID-19 mRNA injections, a group of scientists from a leading U.S. University made the shocking discovery of certain DNA polymerases in human cells that reverse-transcribe mRNA into DNA, and that a specific enzyme known as Theta Polymerase, has a significant value of error, meaning that genetic mutation is a common outcome of theta polymerase-related activity.
It turns out that it is not only the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase activation that is of concern with regards to the mRNA encoding the spike glycoprotein, but on top of that, Theta Polymerases and a few other types of polymerase enzymes are capable of favouring mutation, alongside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptases, by reverse transcribing mRNA nucleotides and cause them to be inserted into functional areas of the human DNA.
Moreover, it was shown that Theta Polymerases were shown to have molecular activities similar to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptases, which are known to often cause genetic mutations, genome toxicity and an increased incidence of metastatic cancer, especially in people with one or more genetic and/or immunological co-comorbidities.
As a result, mRNA-based vaccines turn out not to be safe in general, and the mRNA injections containing the genetic codification of the spike protein are much more dangerous than previously shown, as there are likely retroviral genetic inserts into the genetic information of all SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and two enzymes are involved in a potential widespread mutagenesis, instead of one.
The recent scientific finding also addresses therapeutic approaches implicating live-attenuated or inactivated positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A (H1N1), as their genetic material does not need to translate RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases in order for their genes to be activated and produce proteins.
In other words, all +ssRNA genomes constitute messenger RNA-based genomes and likewise, they may become translated, or reverse-transcribed via the catalysis of DNA Theta-Polymerases.
Negative-sense, single stranded RNA-based viral genomes contain a relatively small proportion of functional RNA, and such regions need to be first activated following the translation and catalysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Overall, mRNA vaccination now seems to present significant short-term and especially long-term risks and the evidence should be presented throughout the world, to the headquarters of the authoritative institutions responsible for public health. There may also be risks with regards to inactivated RNA viral vaccination, to a lesser, but still visible extent.
What we are witnessing in the scientific community is probably the biggest error that was possibly made in human history, as we are continuing to see people losing their lives all of a sudden or due to unexpected forms of cancer.
The recent scientific discovery with regards to mRNA makes it entirely possible that the introduction of foreign mRNA molecules will not eradicate cancer, but trade a form of cancer with another form of cancer, which could sometimes turn out to be more severe and life-threatening.
Even if there is a foreign mRNA encoding a healthy immunological protein inserted, there is still danger, as we are discussing about an indirect duplication of gene regions.
Likewise, protein and natural immunity-based vaccines remain the safest and, as I iterated in previous posts, the only change we may have to prevent future pandemics of concern is to base vaccinology on natural immunity, despite its peripheral situation, as it may be the periphery that constitutes the core foundation of immunity.
“Given the significant error presented by the reverse transcription activity that is catalyzed by the Theta Polymerase enzyme and its significant functional similarity with HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptases, it is rather likely that the insertion of mRNA that is foreign of the genome of the individual will lead to mutations and genomic toxicity, particularly in people with one or more genetic and immunological predispositions, and particularly in the cases where the mRNA molecules that are functional in nature; that is, when the entire mRNA molecule encodes one or more identical or distinct proteins (Chandramouly G. et al., 2021) and also, to a lesser degree, when the genome of an attenuated form of a virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) molecule (i.e. SARS-CoV-2), as the virus would not need to translate RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase to translate its proteins, meaning that it would be more capable, to a certain extent, of translating its pathogenic proteins.
As a result, hopes of mRNA vaccination breakthrough against several diseases of concern seem to have been decreased substantially with the change of perception with regards to the solidity of the central dogma of biology, leaving protein-based vaccines as the category that looks to be safer and more promising, despite the high probability of significant breakthrough from genetic and infectious diseases, particularly in people without major genetic and immunological predispositions.
Given the history of traditional vaccines containing attenuated versions of single-stranded RNA viral genomes (i.e. measles), it can be at least hypothesized that the described risks mostly cover the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches based on functionally-active mRNA molecules.
Even if the success rate of ssRNA-based prophylactic approaches as such exceeds 99.9% and the rate of illness drops substantially for a considerable number of years, a serious error rate of under 0.1% could not only destroy the credibility of the approach, but cause numerous cases of severe illness and death following genetic adverse events, and cripple health systems, at least on a local basis. It is also important to observe that an event of medical failure implicating an exchange of genetic mutations would have long-term effects, which would often not display phenotypic effects often for at least 5-10 years, thereby leading patients into the erroneous belief that they experience a complete breakthrough from their previous illness for several years, and a future incidence of disease would be more difficult to be associated with a possible medical error.
It is well-known that most fundamental principle in medicine is:
First, do no harm
It is important to acknowledge that medical risks could sometimes involve a few decades of duration until they begin to manifest in a thorough, widespread manner and likewise, a few, local cases of genetic collateral damage may have been infiltrated through cases of long-term underlying health conditions that are either oncological or immunological in nature.
Determining the ratio between benefits and risks constitutes a major step in holding fast to scientific and medical progress, and the final step is the development of one approach that is both uniquely effective and presents minimal risks of adverse events of any type.”
References:
Brambati, A., Barry, R. M., & Sfeir, A. (2020). DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) - an error-prone polymerase necessary for genome stability. Current opinion in genetics & development, 60, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.017
Chen, X. S., & Pomerantz, R. T. (2021). DNA Polymerase θ: A Cancer Drug Target with Reverse Transcriptase Activity. Genes, 12(8), 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12081146
Chandramouly, G., Zhao, J., McDevitt, S., Rusanov, T., Hoang, T., Borisonnik, N., Treddinick, T., Lopezcolorado, F. W., Kent, T., Siddique, L. A., Mallon, J., Huhn, J., Shoda, Z., Kashkina, E., Brambati, A., Stark, J. M., Chen, X. S., & Pomerantz, R. T. (2021). Polθ reverse transcribes RNA and promotes RNA-templated DNA repair. Science advances, 7(24), eabf1771. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf1771
Carp, T. Expression of Concern With Regards to the Current Stages of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Zoonotic Spillover Into Humans. Preprints 2023, 2023030477. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0477.v1.
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